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Chemistry Symbols — Complete Index
Essential symbols for writing chemical equations, describing reactions, and denoting states of matter. A quick reference for students and scientists.
1) Reaction Arrows
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| → | Yields / Reaction direction |
| ⇌ | Equilibrium / Reversible reaction |
| ↔ | Resonance |
| ↑ | Gas evolution |
| ↓ | Precipitate forms |
2) States & Conditions
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| (s) | Solid |
| (l) | Liquid |
| (g) | Gas |
| (aq) | Aqueous (dissolved in water) |
| Δ | Heat applied |
| hv | Light / Photon applied |
3) Subatomic & Units
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| e⁻ | Electron |
| p⁺ | Proton |
| n⁰ | Neutron |
| pH | Acidity (potential Hydrogen) |
| ℃ | Degrees Celsius |
| mol | Mole |